PARTS OF A CITATION

A citation should contain all the necessary information to identify your source and lead others to it. Examples of typical citations are shown below, but there are many variations depending on the type of source and style used. Consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. for details.

Book Citation - APA Style:

Journal Article Citation - APA Style:

Electronic Journal Article Citation with DOI

A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters assigned to a source, most commonly electronic sources. When the DOI is given for your source, it is the only retrieval information you need to provide in your citation.

Harrison, J. (2008, September). The vagaries of vegetarianism. Ratio, 21(3), 286-299. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9329.2007.00402.x

Website citation, with no author or date - APA style:

Note: According to the rules in the new 6th edition of the APA Publication Manual, a retrieval date is no longer necessary, unless the information could change, as in a blog or wiki.

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